Ubuntu使用记录

记录一次Ubuntu初始化流程。

显卡驱动

• 检查你的电脑有哪些显卡
  lspci -k | grep -A 2 -i “VGA”
• 查看Ubuntu正在使用哪块显卡
  System Settings > Details > Overview
• 查看哪一个专有驱动是推荐安装的
  sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
• 安装Nvidia专有显卡驱动
  终端执行software-properties-gtk打开GUI或执行sudo apt-get install nvidia-375直接安装
• 切换显卡
  Dash中打开Nvidia X Server Settings或终端执行命令nvidia-settings，在PRIME Profiles切换

系统基础配置

• 卸载多余的软件
  sudo apt-get remove libreoffice-common
  sudo apt-get remove unity-webapps-common
  sudo apt-get remove totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app gnome-sudoku landscape-client-ui-install onboard deja-dup imagemagick
• 桌面布局
  gsettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ launcher-minimize-window true
  gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher launcher-position Bottom
• 更换源
  sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get upgrade
• 安装基础软件
  • 通过源直接安装
    sudo apt-get install vim
    sudo apt-get install samba
    sudo apt-get install chromium
    sudo apt-get install screenfetch
    sudo apt-get install git subversion vpnc
    sudo apt-get install axel uget aria2
    sudo apt-get install vlc
    sudo apt-get install okular
    sudo apt-get install kchmviewer
    sudo apt-get install mediainfo mediainfo-gui
    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/sublime-text-3
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install sublime-text
  • 安装deb文件
    微信
    网易云音乐
    sudo apt-get install libqgsttools-p1 libqt5multimedia5-plugins libqt5multimediawidgets5 libqt5libqgtk2
    sudo dpkg -i netease-cloud-music_1.0.0_amd64_ubuntu16.04.deb
    搜狗输入法
    sudo apt install libopencc1 fcitx fcitx-libs fcitx-libs-qt fonts-droid-fallback
    sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.1.0.0086_amd64.deb
    百度云盘
    sudo apt-get install gnome-icon-theme-symbolic python3-crypto python3-pyinotify python3-keyring
    sudo dpkg -i bcloud_3.8.2-1_all.deb
    蓝灯
    sudo dpkg -i lantern-installer-beta-64-bit.deb
    坚果云
    sudo apt-get install python-gtk2 python-notify default-jre-headless
    sudo dpkg -i nautilus_nutstore_amd64.deb
    WPS
    sudo dpkg -i wps-office_10.1.0.5672~a21_amd64.deb
• Gedit中文乱码
  sudo apt-get install dconf-editor
  运行dconf-editor
  展开/org/gnome/gedit/preferences/encodings
  Candidate Encodings的value配置为[‘GB18030’, ‘UTF-8’, ‘CURRENT’, ‘ISO-8859-15’, ‘UTF-16’]

Jekyll环境

• sudo apt-get install ruby ruby-dev
• gem sources –remove https://rubygems.org/
• gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/
• gem sources -l
• sudo gem install jekyll bundler
• bundle install
• build&run

Append

• 在Linux Mint 18.3上执行sudo gem install jekyll报错：

Building native extensions. This could take a while…
ERROR: Error installing jekyll:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

current directory: /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/http_parser.rb-0.6.0/ext/ruby_http_parser
/usr/bin/ruby2.3 -r ./siteconf20180226-49726-1ijhpau.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile

current directory: /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/http_parser.rb-0.6.0/ext/ruby_http_parser
make “DESTDIR=” clean

current directory: /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/http_parser.rb-0.6.0/ext/ruby_http_parser
make “DESTDIR=”
compiling ruby_http_parser.c
In file included from /usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/ruby.h:36:0,
from /usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby.h:33,
from ruby_http_parser.c:1:
/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/defines.h:26:19: fatal error: stdio.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
Makefile:239: recipe for target ‘ruby_http_parser.o’ failed
make: *** [ruby_http_parser.o] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/http_parser.rb-0.6.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/http_parser.rb-0.6.0/gem_make.out

解决方法：
sudo apt-get install build-essential patch ruby-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev libsqlite3-dev

• VMware Tools工具安装失败，无法复制粘贴（平台：Mint 18.3，VMware 11）

  Makefile:120: recipe for target ‘vmhgfs.ko’ failed

解决方法：

1. Make sure the updates are done:
   sudo apt-get update

2. Make sure git is installed
   sudo apt-get install git

3. Run the command to get the tools from repository.
   sudo git clone https://github.com/rasa/vmware-tools-patches.git

4. cd to vmware-tools-folder
   cd vmware-tools-patches

5. Run the patch
   sudo ./download-tools.sh

6. Run the following patch
   sudo ./untar-and-patch.sh

7. Run the complie.sh file
   sudo ./compile.sh
   参考此贴

• Windows无法访问Samba服务器，访问被拒绝
  需要在Samba中创建用户。Ubuntu系统中的用户，和Samba用户是两回事，要将资源共享给系统中的某个用户，必须将该用户添加到Samba中。参考
  用到的命令：smbpasswd。参考

• 安装oh-my-zsh步骤

1. sudo apt-get install zsh //安装
2. zsh –version //确认是否安装成功
3. sudo chsh -s $(which zsh) //设置zsh为默认shell
4. 注销重新登录
5. echo $SHELL //确认zsh是否是默认SHELL
6. 使用curl方式安装oh-my-zsh：sudo sh -c “$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
7. 配置：vim ~/.zshrc
8. 若有中文乱码，再配置：export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
9. 使配置生效：source ~/.zshrc